What are kidney stones, and how do they form? How do I know if I have kidney stones? Are they dangerous? Walter Mutter, M.D. Chief of Nephrology at Newton-Wellesley Hospital and Lecturer in Medicine at Harvard Medical School, discusses kidney stones, how to prevent them, and what you should do if you have them.

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0:00 – Intro
0:15 – What Are Kidney Stones, How Do They Form?
0:49 – How Do I Know If I Have Kidney Stones?
1:34 – Do Genetics Play A Role?
1:55 – Are Kidney Stones Dangerous If Left Untreated?
2:20 – How Long Do They Take To Pass?
3:02 – How Do We Test For Kidney Stones?
4:00 – What Happens If I’m Pregnant And Have Kidney Stones?
4:23 – What Are The Causes Of Kidney Stones?
5:28 – What Can I Do To Prevent Kidney Stones?
6:33 – How Do I Prevent Them From Getting Worse?
7:25 – How Do We Remove Them?
8:09 – What’s The Worst Thing I Can Do If I Have Kidney Stones?
8:35 – What’s The Best Thing I Can Do About Kidney Stones?

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Kidney Stones: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention | Mass General Brigham

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This video shows Atrophic Kidney with renal and ureteral stones.
An atrophic kidney is one that has shrunk to an abnormal size with abnormal function. This is also known as renal atrophy. It’s not the same thing as renal hypoplasia, a condition in which the kidney is smaller from development in the womb and at the time of birth.
If one kidney is small and the other one is completely normal, it is usually possible to lead a normal life without it affecting health. Having one small kidney can increase the chance of developing some health problems such as high blood pressure, even if the other kidney is normal.
However, if both kidneys are small, this can be more of a concern and if there is not enough healthy kidney tissue, kidney failure can develop. Therefore people who are found to have a small kidney normally have some medical tests performed to see whether further treatment or observation over a period of time is necessary.
Kidney damage generally occurs over a long period. This can happen because there’s insufficient blood flow to the kidneys.
You may be at higher risk of kidney disease if you have:
Diabetes
A family history of kidney disease
Heart disease
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Causes of Shrunken Kidney
Antiphospholipid syndrome.
Infection, such as tuberculosis.
Metabolic syndrome.
Narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis)
Narrowing of the renal arteries (atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis)
Obstruction of the urinary tract.
Sickle cell disease.
Cancer.
In the early stages of kidney disease, you might not realize anything is wrong. It can take as much as a 30 to 40 percent loss of function for symptoms to appear. As the kidneys become less able to filter the blood, you may notice:

Changes in the frequency of urination
Darkening skin
Drowsiness
Itchiness
Loss of appetite
Muscle cramps
Nausea and vomiting
Swelling of the hands and feet
Other signs of the atrophic kidney include:

Acidosis
Anorexia
High creatinine concentration
Electrolyte abnormalities
Malnutrition
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This video contains a visual explanation of kidney stones, aimed at helping students of medicine and healthcare professionals prepare for exams.

Narration, illustrations and animation by Tom Watchman. Audio and video edited by Harry Watchman.

Written notes on kidney stones are available on the website at:

Kidney Stones

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Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis) Signs & Symptoms | & Why They Occur

Kidney stones (causing kidney stone disease, or nephrolithiasis) is a condition involving formation of stones (renal calculi) within the kidneys. These stones can cause a variety of signs and symptoms when they exit the kidneys and enter into the ureters and other parts of the urinary system. In this lesson, we discuss the signs and symptoms of kidney stones, including why each of these signs and symptoms happens.

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EXCLAIMER: The content used in this lesson is used in accordance with Fair Use laws and is intended for educational purposes only.

**MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-causes-kidney-stones-arash-shadman

The biggest kidney stone on record weighed more than a kilogram and was 17 centimeters in diameter. The patient didn’t actually swallow a stone the size of a coconut; kidney stones form inside the body. So how do they grow in the first place? And why are they so painful to get out? Arash Shadman shares the science behind kidney stones.

Lesson by Arash Shadman, directed by TED-Ed.

The Most PAINFUL Thing a Human Can Experience?? | Kidney Stones

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In this video, Justin from the Institute of Human Anatomy discusses kidney stone formation, as well as the various treatments and risk factors.

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Video Timeline

00:00 – 00:27 Intro
00:28 – 02:05 Pain Perception
02:06 – 08:08 Kidney Functional Anatomy
08:09 – 15:42 Kidney Stone Formation and Journey
15:43 – 17:40 Treatments/Interventions
17:41 – 19:26 Risk Factors and Prevention
19:27 – 20:36 Summary
20:37 – 21:30 Justin Begging For Comments

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References

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp20168
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673606680719
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp1001011
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1169452/#:~:text=Animal%20protein%20has%20been%20shown,compounds%20to%20form%20kidney%20stones.
https://www.keckmedicine.org/myth-or-fact-are-kidney-stones-as-painful-as-childbirth/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252394/

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